Content tagged with "infinitive"

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The "subject" of the infinitive

The doer of the action expressed by the infinitive can be:

The difference between finite and non-finite verb forms

Finite verb forms

Finite verb forms are marked by inflection and indicate person, number and tense. A finite verb can be the single main verb in a sentence.

For example, the finite forms of the verb go are:

The forms of the infinitive

An infinitive can be a to-infinitive or a bare infinitive (without to). There is no difference in meaning between them; some structures require a to-infinitive, while others call for a bare infinitive:

I ought to call them. (to-infinitive)
I had better call them. (bare infinitive)

The infinitive after modals

The infinitive is used after modal verbs, semi-modal verbs (also called marginal modals) and other modal expressions.

Modal verbs

Modal verbs (can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, should and must) are followed by a bare infinitive:

The infinitive of purpose

A to-infinitive can be used to express purpose:

I'm calling to place an order for delivery.
Diya went to the door to open it.
To pass this test, you need to achieve a score of 60% or more.

The infinitive of result

A to-infinitive can be used to express result; however, this use is more common in literary styles:

Do you want to live to be a hundred?
She arrived home to receive a letter from her bank.

The TO-infinitive after passive reporting verbs

If we want to avoid mentioning the generalised agents we, they, people, everybody, one etc. with reporting verbs, we can use a passive reporting verb and the to-infinitive form of the verb in the reported clause.

The TO-infinitive as a subject complement

A to-infinitive clause can be a subject complement after be:

My advice is to file a complaint at once.
What is essential is to maintain a healthy diet.
The decision was to extend the deadline by three months.

The TO-infinitive as subject

A to-infinitive clause can be the subject of a sentence:

To tell the truth is always right.
To complain would seem ungrateful.

But it is more common to start with the introductory it and place the to-infinitive clause at the end of the sentence:

The TO-infinitive in non-finite relative clauses

The to-infinitive is often used in non-finite defining relative clauses after ordinal numbers (the first, the second etc.), superlatives (the best, the most beautiful etc.) and after next, last and only:

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