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verb + that-clause with present subjunctive
verb + to-infinitive
The direct object of say can be a noun, a that-clause (that can be omitted in informal styles) or an indirect question (in negatives and questions when the information is not actually reported):
When we report second conditionals, the following changes may occur:
There are no tense changes in indirect speech if:
This topic is discussed under Indirect speech » Changes in indirect speech » Tense changes in indirect speech.
Direct speech is when we report what someone says by repeating the exact words. In writing, we use inverted commas:
When we report third conditionals, there are no changes in the verb forms:
Unreal tenses after wish / if only, would rather / would sooner, it's (high) time and as if / as though do not change in indirect speech:
When we report zero conditionals, the following tense changes may occur:
For timeline diagrams, quotes and exercises, check out our e-book The Grammaring Guide to English Grammar
