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Appendix: irregular verb forms

form
past
past participle
Base form Past tense Past participle
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awoken
be was, were been
bear bore borne
beat beat beaten
become became become

DO, DOES, DID + bare infinitive

emphasis
infinitive
past
present
simple

The auxiliary verbs do, does and did are followed by the bare infinitive to form negative and interrogative sentences in the past simple and present simple tenses:

Past continuous for actions happening over a period of time in the past

clauses
continuous
past
period of time

The past continuous is used to describe actions which continued over a period of time in the past. This period can be expressed with a time expression or a clause with a verb in the past continuous tense. In this case the two actions were happening simultaneously:

Past continuous for actions in progress at a specific point in the past

continuous
past
point in time

The past continuous tense is used to refer to actions that were in progress at or around a specific point in time in the past. This point can be implied or expressed with a time expression or a clause with a verb in the past simple tense:

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