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The present perfect in the if-clause of a sentence in the first conditional emphasises that one action depends on the completion of another:
If I've finished writing my paper by tonight, I'll go out with my friends.
if + past subjunctive | would + infinitive (simple or continuous)
The second conditional can describe an unreal situation with reference to the present. We imagine a hypothetical situation which contrasts with reality:
if + past perfect subjunctive | would + perfect infinitive
The third conditional describes an unreal situation with reference to the past. We imagine a hypothetical situation, something that did not happen:
if + present tense | present tense if + past tense | past tense
The zero conditional expresses that something is (or was) always true or that one action is (or was) always followed by another:
When we report zero conditionals, the following tense changes may occur:
For timeline diagrams, quotes and exercises, check out our e-book The Grammaring Guide to English Grammar
