State verbs and action verbs
State verbs
State verbs express states or conditions which are relatively static. They include verbs of perception, cognition, the senses, emotion and state of being:
| Examples of state verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| appear believe belong consider consist contain |
cost doubt exist fit hate hear |
have know like love matter mean |
need owe own prefer remember resemble |
seem suppose suspect understand want wish |
State verbs are not normally used in continuous forms:
I am needing a new phone.I need a new phone.Who is this bag belonging to?Who does this bag belong to?They are seeming tired.They seem tired.
Action verbs
Action verbs (also called dynamic verbs) express activities, processes, momentary actions or physical conditions:
| Examples of action verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ache arrive ask call change cook |
dance eat fall feel go grow |
have help hit hurt itch kick |
knock leave melt read say shrink |
sing speak talk throw travel watch |
They may be used in continuous forms:
Who was he dancing with?
Someone's knocking at the door.
I've been reading this book for weeks.
State verbs in the continuous form
Some state verbs may be used in the continuous form if they refer to a temporary action or an action in progress at a certain moment, rather than a permanent attitude:
I'm having second thoughts about moving abroad.
Jones is appearing in Hamlet this evening.
You're looking great in those jeans.
There are also state verbs which may be used in the continuous form, but with a different, active meaning:
| Stative meaning | Active meaning |
|---|---|
| Do you have a car? (own) | They are having dinner at the moment. (eating) |
| You are my best friend. (it's a fact) | She's being silly again. (behaving in a silly way) |
| That soup smells good. (has a good smell) | He is smelling the soup. (sniffing at) |
| This milk tastes sour. (has a sour taste) | I was just tasting the food. (testing) |
| You look great! (your current appearance) | He was looking out the window when I saw him. (directing his eyes towards) |
| What do you see? (notice with eyes) | I'm seeing my dentist this afternoon. (visiting) |
| I don't hear well. (pick up with ears) | The judge will be hearing the evidence later this week. (listening to) |
| I expect that you are tired. (assume) | Are you expecting visitors this evening? (waiting for them to arrive) |
| I feel that you are wrong. (think) | How have you been feeling? (asking about physical state) |
| This melon weighs 2 kg. (its weight is 2 kg) | He is weighing the melon. (measuring its weight) |
Naturally, we can use the verbs with the active meaning in the simple form, too:
How often do you see your dentist?
They usually have dinner at 6.
But we cannot use the verbs with the stative meaning in the continuous form:
This melon is weighing 2 kilos.The soup was smelling good.
